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Pigeons

Identification, Habits, and Control
Closeup photo of a pigeon.

About Pigeons

Species: Columba livia

Pigeons are one of the most common nuisance birds found in urban and suburban environments. They are highly adaptable and often gather on buildings, rooftops, and ledges where food and shelter are available. 

Because they tend to return to the same locations, pigeon activity can become a persistent issue if not addressed. 

How to Identify Pigeons

Size

  • Approximately 11 to 15 inches long

Color

  • Gray with iridescent green and purple markings on the neck

Identifying Characteristics

  • Rounded body
  • Short neck
  • Fast, direct flight
  • Often seen in flocks

Where You’ll Find Them

  • Rooftops, ledges, and balconies
  • Signage and structural features
  • Parking garages and commercial buildings
  • Parking garages and commercial buildings

Behavior and Risks

Pigeons are highly social birds that form flocks and return to the same roosting and nesting sites repeatedly. Once they establish a location, activity tends to increase over time as more birds are drawn to the same area. Homeowners and businesses often notice pigeons consistently gathering on rooftops, ledges, balconies, or signage. Early signs may include occasional birds or droppings, but this can quickly progress to visible buildup of waste, feathers, and nesting materials. 

Pigeon droppings are acidic and can damage roofing materials, paint, metal, and concrete over time. In high-traffic areas, droppings can also create slippery surfaces and sanitation concerns, especially around entrances, walkways, and outdoor seating areas. 

As nesting activity increases, materials such as sticks and debris can accumulate in gutters, drains, and vents, leading to blockages and maintenance issues. Because pigeons return to the same sites, these problems often worsen if not addressed. Without intervention, what starts as occasional bird activity can become a persistent issue involving large flocks, repeated mess, and ongoing property damage.